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IIR document

Demonstration of free cooling with CO2.

• Author(s) : HEERUP C.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

Sistema idronico in free cooling. Smaltimento, recupero e riutilizzo del calore proveniente dai condensatori dei frigoriferi.

Free cooling hot-water system. Condenser heat elimination, recovery and re-use in refrigerators.

• Author(s) : CAVATORTA A.
• Publication date: 2014
• Languages : Italian
• Source: Industria & Formazione - vol. 38 - n. 379
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Unique features of liquefaction of hydrogen and natural gas using magnetic refrigeration.

• Author(s) : BARCLAY J. A., OSEEN-SENDA K., SKRZYPKOWSKI M.
• Publication date: 2014/09/07
• Languages : English
• Source: 6^th International Conference on Magnetic Refrigeration at Room Temperature (Thermag VI). Proceedings: Victoria, Canada, September 7-10, 2014.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Reducing global food waste by using natural refrigerants in the cold chain.

• Author(s) : KOEGELENBERG I., CHASSEROT M.
• Publication date: 2020/08/26
• Languages : English
• Source: 6^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: Nantes, France, August 26-28 2020
• Formats : PDF

Economical and environmental data analysis of hybrid HVAC system of air source heat pump and natural gas furnace for cold climate.

• Author(s) : DEMIREZEN G., ULLAH K., ROKN A., FUNG A. S.
• Publication date: 2021/08/31
• Languages : English
• Source: 13^th IEA Heat Pump Conference 2021: Heat Pumps – Mission for the Green World. Conference proceedings [full papers]
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Assessment of benefits of employing natural refrigerants in seafood cold chain in India.

• Author(s) : SAINI S. K., DASGUPTA M. S., WIDELL K. N., BHATTACHARYYA S.
• Publication date: 2022/06/13
• Languages : English
• Source: 15^th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2022). Proceedings. Trondheim, Norway, June 13-15^th 2022.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Natural working fluids for absorption refrigeration.

• Author(s) : KERLEAUX M., RODIER L., ANDANSON J-M., DEQUIDT A., COULIER Y.
• Publication date: 2022/06/13
• Languages : English
• Source: 15^th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2022). Proceedings. Trondheim, Norway, June 13-15^th 2022.
• Formats : PDF

Research advances in free cooling technology of data centers.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : ZHANG H., SHAO S., TIAN C.
• Publication date: 2016
• Languages : Chinese
• Source: Journal of Refrigeration - vol. 37 - n. 170
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

The natural cycle of development applied to refrigeration - winners and casualties.

• Author(s) : LAWRENCE J. M. W.
• Publication date: 2020/07/31
• Languages : English
• Source: IIR Rankine Conference 2020.
• Formats : PDF

Liquefied Natural Gas Cold Energy Utilization for Land-Based Cold Water Fish Aquaculture in South Korea.

• Author(s) : BAEK S., CHOI W., KIM G., SEO J., LEE S., JEONG H., SUNG Y.
• Publication date: 2022/10
• Languages : English
• Source: Energies - vol. 15 - n. 19
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

CFD simulations and measurements of carbon dioxide transport in a passive house.

• Author(s) : SZCZEPANIK N., SCHNOTALE J.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Evaporative cooling in Europe. When and how much is it worth?

• Author(s) : NORO M., LAZZARIN R., BAGARELLA G.
• Publication date: 2016/08/21
• Languages : English
• Source: 12^th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2016). Proceedings. Édimbourg, United Kingdom, August 21st-24th 2016.
• Formats : PDF

Energy saving operation of VAV air conditioning system.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : ZHU J.
• Publication date: 2014/05
• Languages : Chinese
• Source: HV & AC - vol. 44 - n. 290
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Performance analysis of the metamaterial based cool roof for single-family houses.

• Author(s) : TANG S., ZHANG K., CHEN L., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Post HCFC22 commercial refrigeration sector in Mauritius: HFC or natural refrigerants.

• Author(s) : SOOBEN D., MOHEE R., MEUNIER F.
• Publication date: 2014/08/02
• Languages : English
• Source: 11^th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2014). Proceedings. Hangzhou, China, August 31-September 2, 2014.
• Formats : PDF

Launch of the first R1234ze free-cooling chillers

The “first to market” TurboChill free cooling chillers using low global warming potential (GWP) refrigerant R1234ze are going to be launched.

• Publication date : 2013/12/18

Windcatchers: the birth of air conditioning and natural refrigeration?

Windcatchers, which can reduce indoor temperatures by around 10°C and store water at near-freezing temperatures during summer months, have been used over centuries in many regions around the world.

• Publication date : 2018/11/22

Natural refrigerants drove the global commercial refrigeration market in 2023

According to JARN, natural refrigerants in commercial equipment are gaining popularity, namely driving the demand for equipment renewal in Europe.

• Publication date : 2024/11/12
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Growing uptake of natural refrigerants in commercial refrigeration

A recent report estimates the number of commercial refrigeration systems using R744 (CO2) or hydrocarbons in Europe and worldwide. 

• Publication date : 2022/10/17
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Cool brick, a clue for natural refrigeration in desert environments.

Virgina San Fratello and Ronald Rael have potentially found a way to cool indoor air temperatures in desert environments.

• Publication date : 2017/03/05

A review of current status of free cooling in data centres

A study published in Applied Thermal Engineering reviews current status of the free cooling technologies in data centres

• Publication date : 2017/09/19

For IIR members only

The Australian refrigeration sector: decreased emissions, transition to natural refrigerants and a growing workforce

Released in 2024, the Cold Hard Facts 4 report identifies key developments and emerging trends in the Australian refrigeration and air conditioning industry between 2016 and...

• Publication date : 2024/11/22
• Subjects: Figures, economy, HFCs alternatives

Kelvion extends its range of natural refrigerant air coolers

To drive decarbonisation by using natural refrigerants such as CO2, ammonia or propane, Kelvion has expanded its range of industrial air cooler. Kelvion is an IIR corporate member. 

• Publication date : 2023/05/27

Innovative material for passive cooling and natural lighting

Researchers at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology have developed a polymer-based material that is more transparent to light than regular glass and maintains a comfortable indoor...

• Publication date : 2024/06/10

Energy saving initiatives for cooling in data centres

In January 2021, Europe’s leading cloud and data centre operators signed the Climate Neutral Data Centre Pact, a self-regulatory initiative to become climate neutral by 2030. According to recent studies, free...

• Publication date : 2021/02/25
• Subjects: Environment, Technology

Facebook profiles cooled down through polar wind (in French)

The cooling of servers which process most of the data published on our walls uses polar wind.

• Publication date : 2016/10/01

Techniques of humidification in data centres

An interesting overview of the recent improvement in data centres humidification techniques.

• Publication date : 2017/05/02
• Subjects: Regulation

Current status and future trends of natural refrigerants in North and South America

Two papers presented at the IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference perfectly illustrate the interest in natural refrigerants and the obstacles they face in the Americas. 

• Publication date : 2022/09/28
• Subjects: Technology

Road to COP28. How can we achieve sustainability in gas processing and liquefaction?

In gas processing plants, focus should be set on non-flaring operation and reduction of releases caused by leaks, says Dr Heinz Bauer, IIR expert....

• Publication date : 2023/03/28
• Subjects: Technology, General information

Which refrigerants will dominate the European market by 2030?

A recent article published in the IJR presents the results of a methodology to estimate the evolution of the refrigerant demand by the refrigeration sector in the EU over the period to 2030. 

• Publication date : 2021/09/07
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Now available: IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference Papers

Download your copy of the proceedings of the 14th Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants. Over 120 technical papers are available!

• Publication date : 2021/01/19
• Subjects: Environment, Technology

15th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference, June 13-15, 2022: the detailed programme is now available!

The detailed program of the 15th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants is now available online.

• Publication date : 2022/05/16
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

March 2023: An active communication and awareness campaign for INDEE+

March 2023 was marked by a series of communication events for INDEE+, gathering all project partners and key Indian HVAC&R stakeholders in India.

• Publication date : 2023/04/26
• Subjects: Developing country

Editorial by Didier Coulomb

Energy is one of the main strategic challenges of this century, both in terms of the impact of energy consumption on the environment (greenhouse effect) and above all in terms of the risk of shortages with respect to our society's needs (limited...

• Publication date : 2006/11/14

IIR conference activities in 2016 show a promising choice of events

IIR conference activities in 2016 show a promising choice of events covering cutting edge refrigeration themes from refrigerants to energy issues; from cold chain sustainability to new refrigeration technologies.

• Publication date : 2016/03/02

A new book on natural refrigerants

The English version of a book by three German authors on the applications and practical recommendations of natural refrigerants has just been published by the IIR on its website. 

• Publication date : 2023/09/22
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

LNG fundamentals explained in the Encyclopedia of refrigeration

The latest entry in the IIR’s online Encyclopedia of refrigeration is a thematic file presenting LNG production processes, and cold energy recovery applications.

• Publication date : 2022/07/08
• Subjects: Technology

Call for industrial partners for joint industry cryogenics project linked to LNG production

Become a project partner: Join the Joint Industry Project of MINES ParisTech – ARMINES “Evaluation of the crystallization risk in LNG production”.

• Publication date : 2017/03/16

Gustav Lorentzen conference 2022

After two years of pandemic during which the conferences were either cancelled or held online, the IIR had the pleasure of organising a conference on site, in Norway. It was attended by 332 participants. The...

• Publication date : 2022/07/08

Ohrid 2015: Ammonia and CO2 refrigeration technologies at the forefront

In light of the intense debate on the F-Gas regulation, its implementation worldwide, as well as proposed amendments to the Montreal Protocol, the conference provided the ideal forum for the exchange of knowledge on ammonia and CO2 technologies.

• Publication date : 2015/04/21

Past events: The IIR around the world, August and September 2024

A look back at the IIR’s latest events during conferences (Gustav Lorentzen, Thermag, Compressors) and during sponsored vents (CHPC).

• Publication date : 2024/10/07

Cooling data centres: A major economic challenge

Larger data centres can use a staggering amount of energy just to ensure the day-to-day running of electronic equipment. As a result, these data centres can produce a great deal of heat, which require large-scale cooling systems in order to...

• Publication date : 2017/03/29

Call for abstracts now open for the IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference 2020

Don’t miss the deadline! 14th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference 2020 invites delegates to submit abstracts

• Publication date : 2019/12/19

Check out the upcoming cutting edge IIR events for 2016

IIR conference activities in 2016 show a promising choice of events.

• Publication date : 2015/12/16

Now available: IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference Papers 2022

Download one or all of the 170 technical papers from the 15th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants!

• Publication date : 2023/05/02
• Subjects: General information

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids